[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/jak-probihal-vyvoj-lidskeho-oka\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/jak-probihal-vyvoj-lidskeho-oka\/","headline":"Jak prob\u00edhal v\u00fdvoj lidsk\u00e9ho oka","name":"Jak prob\u00edhal v\u00fdvoj lidsk\u00e9ho oka","description":"Zrak je pro \u010dlov\u011bka t\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm smyslem. Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee o\u010di pova\u017eujeme za velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a komplexn\u00ed org\u00e1ny. Mnoz\u00ed dokonce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou dokonal\u00e9. A jen m\u00e1lokdo si dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edstavit, jak se asi stalo, \u017ee se v\u016fbec vyvinula. \u010c\u00e1st dokonce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou d\u016fkazem existence Boha. Tak tomu v\u0161ak nen\u00ed. \u00a0 I o\u010di toti\u017e...<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/jak-probihal-vyvoj-lidskeho-oka\/\" class=\"more-link\">P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Jak prob\u00edhal v\u00fdvoj lidsk\u00e9ho oka&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","datePublished":"2022-07-04","dateModified":"2023-06-14","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0dc285cbe86eecc8073f119fcb2e2c7032b51533f5bb47611c7d4a598558b8b7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"haag.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/oci1.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/oci1.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.haag.cz\/jak-probihal-vyvoj-lidskeho-oka\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":451,"articleBody":"Zrak je pro \u010dlov\u011bka t\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm smyslem. Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee o\u010di pova\u017eujeme za velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a komplexn\u00ed org\u00e1ny. Mnoz\u00ed dokonce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou dokonal\u00e9. A jen m\u00e1lokdo si dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edstavit, jak se asi stalo, \u017ee se v\u016fbec vyvinula. \u010c\u00e1st dokonce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou d\u016fkazem existence Boha. Tak tomu v\u0161ak nen\u00ed.\u00a0I o\u010di toti\u017e pro\u0161ly dlouh\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem trvaj\u00edc\u00edm miliony let, ne\u017e se objevily v\u00a0podob\u011b, kterou zn\u00e1me dnes. A rozhodn\u011b nejsou tak dokonal\u00e9, jak by se n\u00e1m na prvn\u00ed pohled mohlo zd\u00e1t. Jejich cesta v\u0161ak nebyla v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00e1.\u00a0\u00a0Za\u010dalo to u ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch prvn\u00edch mnohobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organism\u016f. I ty se setk\u00e1valy s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. V\u00fdhodu m\u011bli ti jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se mu dok\u00e1zali vyhnout. I proto se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily adaptace, kdy se r\u016fzn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky staly citliv\u00e9 na dan\u00e9 veli\u010diny. N\u011bkter\u00e9 se staly citliv\u00fdmi na tlak, jin\u00e9 na teplo a jin\u00e9 \u2013 na sv\u011btlo.\u00a0Tyto velmi, velmi primitivn\u00ed \u201eo\u010di\u201c, kter\u00e9 nebyly nic v\u00edc ne\u017e vrstva bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 velmi lehce reagovaly na sv\u011btlo, znamenaly malou revoluci. Umo\u017enily toti\u017e sv\u00e9mu nositeli v\u010das zjistit, \u017ee se nap\u0159\u00edklad dostal do jeskyn\u011b, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u017ee se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkdo dal\u0161\u00ed. T\u00edm zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily \u0161anci na jeho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0Nen\u00ed tedy divu, \u017ee se tato mutace velmi snadno v\u00a0populaci uchytila. Av\u0161ak brzy p\u0159estala sta\u010dit. Ona vrstva bun\u011bk se st\u00e1vala st\u00e1le citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a postupn\u011b dok\u00e1zala rozeznat nejen sv\u011btlo a tmu, ale tak\u00e9 tvary. A to byl po\u010d\u00e1tek o\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Jak se postupn\u011b tyto bu\u0148ky specializovaly a zlep\u0161ovaly se v\u00a0dan\u00e9m \u00fakolu, zlep\u0161ovaly se i zrakov\u00e9 schopnosti jejich nositel\u016f. A tak se postupn\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1me a\u017e k\u00a0modern\u00edm o\u010d\u00edm.\u00a0Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee tento v\u00fdvoj prob\u011bhl nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvakr\u00e1t, a to nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b. P\u0159\u00edkladem druh\u00e9ho typu v\u00fdvoje jsou dne\u0161n\u00ed chobotnice. A\u010dkoliv vid\u00ed stejn\u011b jako my, jejich o\u010di jsou strukturovan\u00e9 pon\u011bkud jinak, a to l\u00e9pe. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nemaj\u00ed slep\u00fd bod zp\u016fsoben\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee je zrakov\u00fd nerv um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd v\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edho pozad\u00ed.\u00a0V\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad specializace org\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el sv\u00e9mu nositeli v\u00fdhodu ve v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch. Bylo by rozhodn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat, kam a\u017e jednou povede.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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